Solar panels are devices that convert sunlight directly into electricity. They consist of photovoltaic cells that absorb solar energy and convert it into electricity.

Photovoltaic cells in solar panels generate electricity when exposed to sunlight. Light strikes the cells, triggering a movement of electrons that generates an electric current. This electricity is collected and can be used to power household or business electrical equipment.

The efficiency of solar panels depends on the technology and the manufacturer. Nowadays, monocrystalline panels are usually the most efficient, typically achieving energy efficiencies of 15-22%. Polycrystalline panels are slightly less efficient, but usually more affordable.

High-quality solar panels are typically designed to last for 25 years or more. Many manufacturers offer a 25-year performance guarantee, which ensures that the panels will produce at least a certain percentage of their original capacity throughout their lifetime.

The size of the solar panels may vary. Usually specified in watts (W) or kilowatts (kW). The physical size of the panels can vary depending on the manufacturer and the technology and can range from a few centimetres to metres.

In general, solar panels require minimal maintenance. They have no moving parts and their surface is cleaned by rain. However, it is advisable to check periodically that the panels are clean and undamaged.

It is advisable to contact a solar energy specialist or installer to install solar panels. They can assess the suitability of your home or business for solar panels and ensure they are installed safely and efficiently.